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28 August 2009

On this day in history: Tom Thumb beat a horse, 1830

In 1826, two Baltimore bankers, Philip E. Thomas and George Brown, visited England to investigate rail transportation systems. In the year since the Erie Canal opened, providing a new transportation route from mid-western cities to New York, Baltimore had been losing business. The two bankers hoped a railroad would redress the situation by providing faster transportation of goods to the east coast.

The following February, the two held a meeting with prominent Baltimore merchants and fellow bankers resulting in the chartering of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company (B&O), which was formally incorporated in April 1827, the first in the United States. In July 1828 work began on the first section, which opened in to the public in January 1830 - the mile and a half journey cost nine cents. In May the railroad stretched thirteen miles to Ellicott's Mills.

Initially, horses hauled the trains, but the industrialist Peter Cooper decided that steam power was preferable. He challenged the owners of the B&O to a race between one of their horses and his steam locomotive, Tom Thumb - the first to be built in America. The challenge was accepted and the date for the race was set for 28th August 1830.

Beast and machine were each hitched to carriages containing passengers. The locomotive took a commanding lead from the start, but a mechanical failure resulted in a loss of power and the horse won the race. Nevertheless, the directors of the B&O saw the superiority of steam power and organised a competition for steam engine designs held in 1831. The winning designer, Phineas Davis, adapted some of Cooper's ideas in the locomotives that eventually entered service.

Related posts
The world`s first public railway opens, 27th September 1825
Queen Victoria`s first train journey, 13th June 1842
First underground railway opened, 10th January 1863
Steam locomotive world speed record, 3rd July 1938
Last steam-hauled mainline passenger train on British Railways, 11th August 1968

3 comments:

Sandy said...

Always interesting, informative and I always wondered where the saying came from but had no idea.

I wondered if the loser beat the hourse as I started reading...whew.

Sandy
TGIF

Unknown said...

Very interesting. I love getting all kinds of information from various blogs.

I used the history of "Jack and Jill" today.

Borkiman said...

Thanks for the comments.

Sandy: I thought you were going to mention General Tom Thumb there for a moment.

Sherry: Did you write about J&J on one of your blogs?